Fig. 3

Histogram showing VEGF protein content in the TP region at different observation time points across groups, accompanied by representative cropped blots from different gels (A,B) (N = 5). VEGF protein content in the TBI group significantly increased at each observed time point, peaking at 2 days post-injury. ### indicates a significant difference between the TBI group and both the control and Sham groups (p < 0.001). *** indicates a significant difference between the 2-day and 1-day post-injury groups within the TBI group (p < 0.001). ‘ns’ indicates no significant difference between the 1-day and 3-day post-injury groups within the TBI group (p > 0.05).