Fig. 3
From: Observation of a slanted moisture structure with weak updraft leading to localized heavy rainfalls

Time-height plot of the RL and DL data at the Koshiki site on 14 July 2022. (a) time-height plot of WMVR obtained with the RL at Koshiki (color plots). The magenta line represents the RH90H observed by the radiosondes launched from the Koshiki site. (b) and (c) show 10-min averaged horizontal wind direction and speed, and (d) shows the vertical wind velocity every 19 s observed by the DL at the Koshiki site. (e) and (f) are magnified views of (d) at the magenta horizontal lines in (d). The positive and negative values in (d)–(f) represent updraft and downdraft, respectively.