Table 2 The cost and embodied carbon values of raw materials for LC3.

From: A hybrid prediction and multi-objective optimization framework for limestone calcined clay cement concrete mixture design

Materials

Market price ($/t)

Embodied carbon (kg CO2/t)

References

Cement (including gypsum)

425N

80

912

118

525N

100

912

118

Calcined clay

 

250

230

119

Limestone powder

 

100

15.77

120

Water

 

0.9

≈0

118

River sand

 

28

4.8

118

Coarse aggregate

 

19

4.8

118

HRWR

 

2936

1840

116

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