Table 6 Heterogeneity analysis: drivers’ gender. Standard errors in parentheses; * p < 0.1, ** p < 0.05, *** p < 0.01.

From: The effects of PM2.5 concentrations on traffic violations and accident severity in Guangdong China

 

Male

Female

 

(1)

(2)

(3)

(4)

 

Violations

Severity

Violations

Severity

iv_PM2.5

0.2089**

0.4237***

0.6852*

0.8319

 

(0.0948)

(0.1299)

(0.3756)

(0.5544)

Odds ratio

1.2323**

1.5276***

1.9842*

2.2977

Individual factors

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Vehicle factors

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Road factors

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Environment factors

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Month fixed effect

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Day-of-week fixed effect

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

City fixed effect

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Pseudo R2

0.009

0.072

0.011

0.086

LR chi2

4220.6822

15012.9012

302.1952

955.2078

Prob > chi2

0.0000

0.0000

0.0000

0.0000

AIC

446,882

192,607

26,870

10,260

BIC

447,687

193,357

27,453

10,795

N

174,738

110,554

11,903

7686

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