Table 1 Individual and composite sleep features.
Name | Harmonized item details | Potentially adverse levels |
|---|---|---|
Individual sleep features | ||
 Daytime symptoms | Level of problems related to daytime sleepiness, fatigue, and/or difficulty with daily activities. [1. No problem; 2. Very slight problem; 3. Somewhat of a problem; 4. Very big problem] | Poor: 3–4a Good: 1–2 |
 Poor sleep quality | Level of sleep quality or restfulness. [1. Very good; 2. Fairly good; 3. Average; 4. Fairly bad; 5. Very bad] | Poor: 4–5b,22 Good: 1–3 |
 Sleep midpoint | Midpoint of ‘go-to-bed’ and ‘wake-up’ times | Early: < 02:00b,22 Late: > 04:00 |
 Sleep duration | Time spent asleep in hours during main sleep bout | Short: < 6 hb,22 Long: > 8 h |
 Sleep efficiency | Sleep Duration/Time in Bed * 100 | Good: ≥ 85% |
 Difficulty falling asleep | Frequency of difficulty falling asleep. [1. Not during the past month; 2. Less than once a week; 3. Once or twice a week; 4. Three or more times a week] | Poor: 4a Good: 1–3 |
 Difficulty staying asleep | Frequency of difficulty staying asleep. [1. Not during the past month; 2. Less than once a week; 3. Once or twice a week; 4. Three or more times a week] | Poor: 4a Good: 1–3 |
 Snoring | Frequency of snoring. [1. Never/ not any more; 2. Rarely (< 1night); 3. Sometimes (1or 2 nights); 4. Frequently (3 or 5 nights); 5. Almost always (6 to 7 nights); 6. Don’t know] | Poor: 3–5a Good: 1–2 or 6 |
 Stops breathing during sleep | Frequency of stopping breathing during sleep. [1. Not at all; 2. Rarely (< once/wk); 3. Sometimes (1–2 times/wk); 4. Frequently (3–5 times/wk); 5. Always (6–7 times/wk); 6. Don’t know] | Poor: 2–5a Good: 1 or 6 |
Composite sleep scores | ||
 All-unweighted sleep score | Number of potentially adverse sleep health or sleep disorder characteristics | Integers from 0 to 9; higher scores indicate worse overall sleep |
 All-weighted sleep score | Weights derived from regularized regression are applied to each of the nine sleep characteristics prior to summing them. Weights for the US sample are generated in RS, and vice versa | Continuous from 0 to 9; higher scores indicate a worse depression-specific sleep score |
 SATED score | Number of potentially adverse SATED sleep health characteristics, considering poor sleep quality (Satisfaction), daytime symptoms (Alertness/Sleepiness), sleep midpoint (Timing), sleep efficiency (Efficiency), and sleep duration (Duration) | Integers from 0 to 5; higher scores indicate worse sleep health |
 Selected score | Variables with at least moderate effect sizes are selected and summed. Both ‘difficulty falling asleep’ and ‘daytime sleepiness’ had moderate effect sizes in the US and RS samples, and thus were used in both the US and RS scores | Integers from 0 to 2; higher score indicate a worse depression-specific sleep score |
 Insomnia with short sleep | Endorse difficulty falling asleep or difficulty staying asleep, plus short sleep duration | 0 (No), 1 (Yes) |
