Table 1 Overview of development modes for marine challenging hydrates.
Production method | Reservoir stimulation method | Potential evaluation |
---|---|---|
Depressurization | Vertical well and hydraulic fracturing27,28; Horizontal well and hydraulic fracturing29,30,31; Horizontal well32,33; Radially branched horizontal well34; multi-well system35 | Increased gas production |
Depressurization combined with hot water injection | Three-spot horizontal well pattern and hydraulic fracturing36,37,38,39,40,41 | Increased gas production |
Five-spot horizontal well pattern and hydraulic fracturing42,43 | Increased gas production and no gas leakage |