Table 2 The ULUEEs of nine cities in the PRDUA from 2006 to 2021.

From: Empirical research of urban land use eco-efficiency in the Pearl River Delta urban agglomeration

Cities

2006

2007

2008

2009

2010

2011

2012

2013

2014

2015

2016

2017

2018

2019

2020

2021

Mean

Guangzhou

1.076

1.030

1.017

1.030

1.045

1.024

1.039

1.057

1.043

1.040

1.046

1.039

1.034

1.030

1.016

1.042

1.038

Shenzhen

1.143

1.219

1.260

1.110

1.280

1.160

1.271

1.220

1.187

1.168

1.180

1.310

1.248

1.253

1.109

1.205

1.208

Zhuhai

0.539

0.549

0.513

0.544

0.505

0.549

0.485

0.559

0.573

0.574

0.559

0.597

0.569

0.598

0.615

0.596

0.558

Foshan

1.017

1.075

1.098

1.040

1.103

1.100

1.137

1.083

1.091

1.044

1.026

1.160

1.139

1.152

1.085

1.109

1.091

Huizhou

0.575

0.564

0.557

0.571

0.544

0.560

0.520

0.510

0.484

1.032

1.070

0.512

0.543

0.540

0.520

0.517

0.601

Dongguan

0.369

0.431

0.427

0.431

0.473

0.519

0.464

0.491

0.495

0.454

0.429

0.438

0.473

0.464

0.441

0.446

0.453

Zhongshan

0.737

0.608

0.530

0.561

0.505

0.509

0.485

0.489

0.495

0.492

0.463

0.473

0.516

0.508

0.500

0.491

0.523

Jiangmen

0.551

0.534

0.530

0.550

0.482

0.507

0.454

0.465

0.468

0.463

0.477

0.500

0.560

0.582

0.603

0.617

0.521

Zhaoqing

0.663

1.028

0.737

1.093

0.704

0.628

0.707

0.708

0.682

0.652

0.659

0.658

0.645

0.632

0.633

0.609

0.715

Mean

0.741

0.782

0.741

0.770

0.738

0.729

0.729

0.731

0.724

0.769

0.768

0.743

0.747

0.751

0.725

0.737

0.745