Table 2 Characteristics of study population: girls.

From: Secular trends in dental caries in Korean children and adolescents: 2007–2019 Korea National Health and Nutritional Examination Survey

Characteristic

Girls

Overall

2007

2008

2009

2010

2011

2012

2013

2014

2015

2016

2017

2018

2019

Unweighted number

4,555

241

534

614

460

408

383

401

270

271

220

249

226

278

Age, y

14.1 ± 2.6

13.8 ± 2.7

13.9 ± 2.6

14.0 ± 2.5

14.0 ± 2.6

14.2 ± 2.6

14.2 ± 2.6

14.1 ± 2.6

14.0 ± 2.5

14.1 ± 2.5

14.1 ± 2.5

14.3 ± 2.6

14.4 ± 2.7

14.0 ± 2.7

Height, cm

157.0 ± 8.3

155.9 ± 8.3

156.0 ± 9.0

157.1 ± 8.4

157.0 ± 8.0

156.7 ± 8.5

157.5 ± 8.0

157.0 ± 8.6

156.9 ± 8.3

157.3 ± 7.6

157.8 ± 8.2

157.6 ± 7.8

158.3 ± 7.9

157.5 ± 8.5

Weight, kg

50.5 ± 11.4

49.1 ± 10.2

48.7 ± 11.0

49.9 ± 11.2

50.1 ± 11.1

50.7 ± 11.7

50.3 ± 10.6

50.4 ± 10.6

50.5 ± 11.4

52.5 ± 11.6

51.1 ± 12.0

52.2 ± 12.1

51.5 ± 10.8

51.5 ± 13.7

SBP, mmHg

104.4 ± 9.3

102.1 ± 8.8

100.6 ± 9.1

104.6 ± 9.7

104.0 ± 9.8

103.9 ± 9.3

105.4 ± 9.0

105.1 ± 9.0

104.9 ± 8.5

106.4 ± 8.2

107.1 ± 11.0

105.8 ± 8.8

105.5 ± 9.4

105.3 ± 9.0

DBP, mmHg

65.6 ± 8.4

64.4 ± 8.7

63.7 ± 8.4

67.3 ± 7.9

65.5 ± 8.4

65.3 ± 8.4

66.0 ± 9.3

65.6 ± 8.3

64.8 ± 8.4

66.2 ± 7.7

66.3 ± 8.1

66.3 ± 7.6

66.4 ± 8.7

65.8 ± 8.3

BMI, kg/m2

20.3 ± 3.5

20.1 ± 3.3

19.8 ± 3.3

20.0 ± 3.3

20.2 ± 3.5

20.5 ± 3.6

20.1 ± 3.3

20.3 ± 3.1

20.3 ± 3.5

21.1 ± 3.7

20.3 ± 3.7

20.9 ± 3.9

20.4 ± 3.5

20.5 ± 4.3

Obesity groupa

 Normal

87.4

87.5

91.2

90.5

88.6

86.1

87.5

91.1

88.0

83.3

88.5

79.8

86.8

82.9

 Overweight

8.9

11.8

6.4

6.5

7.0

9.8

9.7

6.4

8.7

10.0

4.9

15.5

9.4

10.7

 Obese

3.7

0.7

2.3

3.0

4.4

4.1

2.8

2.4

3.3

6.7

6.6

4.7

3.8

6.4

WC, cm

67.4 ± 8.6

68.1 ± 8.5

66.6 ± 8.3

66.5 ± 8.3

67.1 ± 8.8

67.5 ± 8.8

66.5 ± 7.7

66.6 ± 7.9

67.5 ± 8.2

70.0 ± 8.8

68.2 ± 9.2

67.8 ± 9.2

66.9 ± 8.0

68.4 ± 9.8

Abdominal obesity b

4.9

5.0

3.5

3.8

5.8

5.2

2.0

3.2

4.2

8.2

9.2

6.2

3.7

7.4

Metabolic syndrome c

1.2

0.9

1.5

1.4

1.0

1.8

0.0

1.2

0.6

0.7

3.2

0.8

1.1

2.5

TC, mg/dL

164.1 ± 26.4

163.6 ± 25.7

159.0 ± 24.9

162.5 ± 26.0

163.0 ± 23.4

162.5 ± 26.3

165.4 ± 29.1

161.6 ± 24.6

165.1 ± 27.6

164.6 ± 26.1

168.7 ± 29.8

169.1 ± 26.8

166.9 ± 27.4

167.3 ± 26.3

TG, mg/dL

87.1 ± 49.1

97.0 ± 49.9

89.2 ± 62.5

87.7 ± 45.9

85.6 ± 59.4

85.7 ± 46.7

86.7 ± 47.2

81.2 ± 41.5

83.0 ± 41.8

88.7 ± 46.0

88.4 ± 46.0

84.9 ± 42.7

86.5 ± 49.7

84.5 ± 44.4

HDL-C, mg/dL

52.5 ± 10.0

50.4 ± 9.6

50.6 ± 9.1

51.0 ± 9.5

50.8 ± 9.3

52.1 ± 10.6

54.6 ± 11.3

53.8 ± 9.7

53.9 ± 9.7

52.1 ± 9.6

54.7 ± 10.7

53.0 ± 9.7

53.2 ± 9.8

54.8 ± 10.2

Tooth brush > = 3

49.8

44.9

45

49.6

41.6

45.8

49.9

63.6

46.2

54.9

51.1

50

54.6

57

Brushing before sleep

50.3

43.2

47.7

53.6

32.5

32.2

52.3

57.9

50.2

58

63

62.9

64.5

57.9

Household incomed

 Low

13

9.7

9.4

14.7

19.6

14.5

14.8

12.3

12.3

15.3

11

11.2

12.7

8.6

 Mid-low

26

25.1

25.4

24.8

32.1

32.2

27.9

29.4

18.3

24.7

20.6

20.3

24.4

26

 Mid-high

31.8

34.1

35.2

30.5

25.5

30.6

31.1

29.7

39.2

30

28.2

32.5

37.5

30.5

 High

29.2

31

30

30

22.8

22.7

26.3

28.6

30.1

29.9

40.2

36.1

25.4

34.9

Dental caries

68.4

72.1

74.0

74.4

74.8

67.7

75.4

70.0

60.7

59.7

51.6

65.6

51.7

55.9

Parental education levele

 Middle school

11

18.3

15.3

10.9

17.3

15.3

10.5

8.7

7.1

8.3

6.4

4.3

7.5

4.2

 High school

45.6

47.4

48.4

51.4

48.4

48.2

49.9

54.8

40.9

45.2

37.8

38.8

34.8

32.7

 College

43.3

34.2

36.4

37.7

34.3

36.4

39.6

36.5

52

46.5

55.8

56.9

57.8

63.1

  1. Values are presented as weighted % (standard error) or weighted mean ± standard error.
  2. WC, waist circumference; SBP, systolic blood pressure; DBP, diastolic blood pressure; BMI, body mass index; TC, total cholesterol; TG, triglyceride; HDL-C, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol.
  3. aCategorized according to BMI percentile: normal, < 85th percentile; overweight, 85th to < 95th percentile; obese, ≥ 95th percentile.
  4. bAbdominal obesity was defined as WC > 90th percentile, using Korean WC reference data.
  5. cMetabolic syndrome was defined as combining central obesity with the presence of two or more of the other four risk factors, using IDF (International Diabetes Federation) criteria. For children aged 10 to 15 years, the following cutoffs were applied: WC ≥ 90th percentile; systolic BP ≥ 130 mmHg or diastolic BP ≥ 85 mmHg; triglycerides ≥ 150 mg/dL; HDL-C < 40 mg/dL; and fasting glucose ≥ 100 mg/dL. For adolescents older than 15 years: WC ≥ 90 cm for males, ≥ 80 cm for females; systolic BP ≥ 130 mmHg or diastolic BP ≥ 85 mmHg or treatment of previously diagnosed hypertension; fasting glucose ≥ 100 mg/dL or known type 2 diabetes; triglycerides ≥ 150 mg/dL or specific treatment for high triglycerides; HDL-C < 40 mg/dL in males, < 50 mg/dL in females, or specific treatment for low HDL-C.
  6. dHousehold income was calculated by dividing the household monthly income by the number of household members, and then categorized into quartiles: low, mid-low, mid-high, and high.
  7. eParental education levels were categorized as middle school graduation, high school graduation, or college graduation.
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