Fig. 3

Sexual dimorphism in the optic lobe of Euglossa dilemma, with a relative 1.3 times enlargement in males. (A) 3D visualization of the reconstructed lamina (orange), medulla (bright yellow) and lobula (mustard yellow), forming the optic lobe of Euglossa dilemma females (left) and males (right). (B) With an isometric relationship with the remaining central brain, the three neuropils of the optic lobe show an upshift in their relative volume compared to females. With an increase of 1.5 X in the lamina, 1.3 X in the medulla and 1.2X in the lobula, males invest on average of 1.3 times more in this primary centre of visual processing (See also supplementary Tables S2, S3).