Fig. 5

Morphological complexity analysis of astrocytes from the frontal cortex. GFAP staining was performed to identify major branches (primary and secondary), which were manually counted per astrocyte. n = 20 per group, at least 3 microscopic images per sample. Statistical analysis: Mann–Whitney U test; error bars: SEM. ****p = 0.000001225. PD—Parkinson’s disease. GFAP—glial fibrillary acidic protein.