Fig. 2: The economic impact of import restrictions. | Humanities and Social Sciences Communications

Fig. 2: The economic impact of import restrictions.

From: The futility of economic sanctions in a globalized and interdependent world: a data-driven game theoretical study

Fig. 2

a–h The imposing country and affected country’s GDP change during and after the restriction period. Import restrictions are imposed (a) by the US on China, (b) by China on Laos, (c) by Laos on China, and (d) by Vietnam on Laos, respectively. Sectors with the top five largest PT ratios with the sender for the target are selected. The grey dashed line indicates when the restrictions end. The titles are in the form of “the imposing country (pre-sanction GDP rank of the imposing country)-the affected country (pre-sanction GDP rank of the affected country).” i–l The affected country’s PT ratios with the imposing country (blue bars) and the effectiveness of import restrictions (red bars) under the corresponding sanction scenario. PT ratio: pre-sanction trade-to-GDP ratio. ISO country codes: USA, United States; CHN, China; LAO, Laos; VNM, Vietnam. Sectors are presented with three-letter codes. The description of sector codes can be found in Supplementary Material.

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