Fig. 2: Contrast of Meiyu-Baiu rainfall between WIO-LSI and WIO-noLSI cases.

Histograms (bars) and fitted distribution (curves) of CESM2LE-simulated precipitation anomalies accumulated during (a) June and (b) July over the Meiyu-Baiu region for all the simulation years (6500 years from 100 runs; white bars and black curve), WIO-noLSI (green) and WIO-LSI cases (blue). The medians and 25th to 75th percentile ranges are shown by dots and horizontal lines in corresponding colors. Gray lines indicate the observational results for June and July 2020 in ERA5. c CESM2LE-simulated daily precipitation anomalies averaged over 110°-140°E [contours interval = 2 mm/day; negative values are omitted] for WIO-noLSI (green) and WIO-LSI cases (blue) from June 1st to July 31st, with shadings showing their differences. d Scatter diagram of precipitation anomalies accumulated during July over the Meiyu-Baiu region as a function of IO sea surface temperature (SST) anomalies in May for individual CESM2LE runs (gray dots). Results for WIO-LSI (blue), WIO-no LSI (green), CIO-HSI (brown), and CIO-noHSI (yellow) cases are highlighted by different colors, with vertical and horizontal lines in corresponding colors indicating the averages. The black cross indicates the observations of July 2020.