Fig. 3: Evolution of surface ocean-atmosphere conditions for decadal inter-basin linkages.
From: Synchronous decadal climate variability in the tropical Central Pacific and tropical South Atlantic
a–d Regression maps of SST (unit: K) onto normalized 8–16-year bandpass filtered MAMJJA Niño4 index at different time lags. A positive lag indicates that the index leads the physical field and vice versa. e–h as (a–d), but for outgoing longwave radiation (OLR; shading, positive upward, unit: W m−2) and sea level pressure anomalies (contours, unit: hPa). i–l same as (a–d), but for 10 m wind speed (shading, unit: m s−1) and 850 hPa stream function anomalies (contours, unit: 106 m2 s−1). The positive values of the stream function represent anticyclonic circulation in the northern hemisphere and cyclonic circulation in the southern hemisphere, and vice versa. Regression coefficients exceeding the 90% confidence level based on a two-tailed Student’s t-test are stippled.
