Fig. 1: Illustration of a nonlinear optical Ising machine.
From: Large-scale Ising emulation with four body interaction and all-to-all connections

The spins are encoded as the binary phase on a spatial light modulator (SLM). H1, H2, and H4 represents the chemical potential, all-to-all two-body and four-body interactions, respectively. In our case, three-body interactions (H3) are not present. The pump and second harmonic beams are shown in red and blue colors, respectively.