Fig. 1: Studied setup.
From: Multi-stage spontaneous symmetry breaking of light in Kerr ring resonators

Two identical, linearly polarised, laser inputs enter a Kerr ring resonator (shaded blue) via a two-way coupling mechanism from opposing directions. This leads to two counter-propagating, linearly polarised, fields circulating the resonator, red and blue coloured arrows respectively. By splitting the linearly polarised light fields into left- and right-circularly polarised components we obtain a total of four circulating fields, U1→4.