Fig. 5: Comparison of CO₂ emission rate from the three water table-dependent soil layers under different oxygen and temperature conditions.

a, c Emission during 154 days of incubation under anoxic and oxic conditions. b Increases in CO₂ emission as a result of warming and the Q₁₀ of CO₂ emission under anoxic conditions. Absolute increases are shown on the left vertical axis, while Q₁₀ values are plotted on the right vertical axis. Increases were assessed for significance using the t-test. d Differences in emission depending on the oxygen conditions and temperature, and the Q₁₀ of CO₂ emission under oxic conditions. Absolute rates are plotted on the left vertical axis and Q₁₀ values on the right vertical axis. (Paired t-test. *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01; NS no significant difference). Surf surface, Inter interlayer, A anoxic conditions, O oxic conditions, W warming.