Fig. 3: Differences between Protected Areas and Unprotected Surroundings for different biogeographical regions.

Canopy Top Height, Foliage Height Diversity and Shannon Diversity Index differences between forests within Protected Areas and their respective Unprotected Surroundings, separated according to the designation of the PA: Natura 2000 sites and strictly protected sites according to the World Database on Protected Areas (WDPA). Different columns refer to biogeographical regions96 shown in Fig.S4. The horizontal red line is the European Union (EU) average difference, the big circles represent the regional averages, and the small dots are individual PAs.