Fig. 2: Global patterns of the indirect effect of urbanization on the mangroves.
From: Coastal urbanization may indirectly positively impact growth of mangrove forests
a Global pattern of the indirect effect of urbanization on mangroves at the 1-degree grid level. The effect score of the indirect effect ranged from −1 to 1. The NA value represents areas that are unaffected by urbanization, where the relationship between variables in our model is not statistically significant. b Global pattern of the indirect effect of urbanization on mangroves at the country level (displayed within coastal regions of each country). c Comparison of indirect effects by different continents. d Comparison of indirect effects by different climate zones.
