Fig. 1: Overview of the spatiotemporal evolution of the Kerguelen Plume and Comei LIP, with gabbro and diabase outcrops in the Cona area.

a Etopo1 topography showing the Eastern Indian Ocean and adjacent areas and Kerguelen plume-related magmas (revised after refs. 63,64). Source: NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information. b Simplified geologic map showing spatial extent and distributions of Cretaceous igneous rocks of the remnant Comei LIP (revised after refs. 23,65). c Gabbro and d Diabase outcrops in the Cona area.