Extended Data Fig. 1: Ectopic expression of ACE2 allows HDFs to be infected with SARS-CoV-2.
a, Western blotting analysis of ACE2 expression in early passage HDFs infected with a retrovirus encoding ACE2 (ACE2-HDFs) or an empty vector (Vec-HDFs), and doxorubicin-induced senescence HDFs (Sen.-HDFs) or control HDFs (Cont.-HDFs). HepG2 cells were used as a positive control. β-actin was used as a loading control. b, Vec-HDFs and ACE-HDFs were infected with SARS-CoV-2 at MOI of 1.0 for 6 days and were subjected to immunofluorescence analysis. Representative images for ACE2 [red], SARS-CoV-2 Spike protein (CoV2-S) [green] and DAPI [blue] were shown. The histogram shows the percentage of SARS-CoV-2 Spike protein expression in ACE2-expressing and non-expressing cells. For graphs, error bars indicate mean ± standard deviation (s.d.) of four biological replicates. c, Early passage HDFs, NHBE, and HCoEpiC were rendered senescence by treatment with doxorubicin (+DXR) for 9 days as described in Fig. 1. The levels of ACE2 gene expression were examined by RT-qPCR using HepG2 cells as a positive control. For graphs, error bars indicate mean ± standard deviation (s.d.) of 3 biological replicates. Statistical significance was determined using Two-tailed unpaired t test in (b).
