Extended Data Fig. 3: SARS-CoV-2-infected cells provoke senescence-like phenotype in neighboring cells.

a, Schematic diagram of the genome (genomic-CoV2) and subgenomic (subgenomic-CoV2) RNAs and the positions of the RT-qPCR primers used. EGFP-HDFs administrated with (CoV2) or without (Mock) SARS-CoV-2 at MOI of 1.0. were subjected RT-qPCR for genomic-CoV2, subgenomic-CoV2, and IFNβ every day from day 1 to 6. b, EGFP-HDFs and ACE2-HDFs were cocultured in a 1:9 ratio, and SARS-CoV-2 was administered with (CoV2) or without (Mock) SARS-CoV-2 at an MOI of 1.0 for 9 days. Immunofluorescence images of EGFP [green], p16INK4a [red], and DAPI [blue] were shown. The histogram indicated the percentages of p16INK4a positive cells in EGFP positive cells. For all graphs, error bars indicate mean ± standard deviation (s.d.) of biological triplicate. Statistical significance was determined two-tailed unpaired Student’s t test in (b).