Extended Data Fig. 5: Alteration in gut microbiome composition of frail participants across two replication cohorts.
From: Gut microbial features and circulating metabolomic signatures of frailty in older adults
a-b, Assessment of Shannon diversity index across four frailty groups in the Chinese cohort (n = 342) (a) and the American cohort (n = 42) (b). P values for linear trend were derived from general linear models with the Shannon diversity index as the dependent variable and the ordinal values of each frailty group as independent variable. c-d, PCA illustrating the gut microbial compositions of groups based on species-level Aitchison dissimilarity with a 95% ellipse for each group for the Chinese cohort (c) and the American cohort (d). The marginal boxplots describe the overall distribution of PC1 and PC2 values within each group. Boxes in all boxplots represent the 25th percentile, median, and 75th percentile and whiskers stretch to 1.5 times interquartile range from corresponding hinge. Statistical P values in box plots were calculated from Wilcoxon rank-sum tests (two-sided). The PERMANOVA P-value was calculated model for covariate adjustment with 999 permutations. PERMANOVA significance for pairwise comparison are reported in the bottom.
