Extended Data Fig. 4: Validation and comparison of gene expression signature of DNAm IC and epigenetic clocks.

a. Distribution of the absolute maximum correlation between the model’s CpG beta values and the expression of 578 random genes, repeated 10,000 times. The dotted red line indicates the correlation between the model’s CpG beta values and the expression of the 578 genes in the DNAm IC signature. b. Genes associated with DNAm CpGs. Number of CpGs with a correlation above different thresholds (x-axis). The top genes with the most correlated CpGs across these correlation thresholds are displayed. c. Comparison of gene expression signatures of epigenetic clocks and DNAm IC. Spearman’s Correlation of gene expression changes associated with DNAm IC and those linked to epigenetic clocks (Hannum, Horvath, PhenoAge, and GrimAge).