Fig. 4: Cellular-level indocyanine green (ICG) retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cell images from diseased eyes generated using stratified cycleGAN.

Late phase ICG images from four different diseases (before and after artificial intelligence (AI) enhancement) are shown. Images shown were acquired from retinal locations ~0.5 mm away from the fovea for age-related macular degeneration (AMD), retinitis pigmentosa, and choroideremia carrier, and 3 mm for vitelliform macular dystrophy in an area with no apparent outer retinal lesions. Conventional ICG and ground truth adaptive optics (AO)-ICG images were acquired from identical locations. Stratified cycleGAN trained on healthy data only was applied to the conventional ICG image to generate the AI assisted (AI-ICG) images. Examples of individual RPE cells are shown by magenta arrows. Scale bar: 100 µm.