Fig. 3: Stroke downregulates cellular and metabolic functional gene pathways of B cells in PP.

a, Kinetics of B cell loss in PP of stroke mice compared to sham controls. Data are presented as a percentage decrease in B cell numbers in stroke mice normalized to mean of sham controls for each timepoint (n = 6−9 per group and timepoint, sham versus stroke 6 h P = 0.9372, 12 h **P = 0.079, 24 h ****P < 0.0001, 72 h ****P < 0.0001, 7 d **P = 0.0095, 21 d **P = 0.0087). b, PCA of RNA-seq data of CD19⁺ B cells in PP from mice exposed to sham surgery or stroke (n = 6 per group). c, Volcano plot showing statistically significant differentially expressed genes in PP B cells of stroke mice compared to sham, as determined by non-multiple-testing-adjusted P values from two-sided Wald test. Red dots indicate upregulated genes, and blue dots indicate downregulated genes. d, GSEA of RNA-seq showing enriched cell function pathways in sham-operated and stroke mice as determined by one-sided Fisher’s exact test P values, adjusted for multiple testing with FDR and significance set at P < 0.05. e, GSEA showing enriched metabolic/catabolic pathways in PP B cells of stroke and sham-operated mice. The dot size indicates the calculated gene ratio, and the dot color indicates the adjusted P value representing the enrichment score as described in the Methods. Note that B cells from stroke mice appear metabolically inactive. Data represent mean ± s.d., two-tailed Mann−Whitney U-test. All data were combined from at least three independent experiments, n = 6 mice per group. Down, downregulated genes; Up, upregulated genes.