Fig. 1: Examples of known animal migrations (dashed lines) connecting far-apart, highly- and less-developed countries and jurisdictions across the Global North and Global South.

Dashed line with arrows represents known movement paths used by different highly migratory marine species. Countries and their respective exclusive economic zones (EEZs) were obtained through https://www.iucnredlist.org/resources/spatialtoolsanddata and https://www.marineregions.org/downloads.php (accessed 06 Dec 23). Colour code reflects the Human Development Index (HDI) in 2021 (https://hdr.undp.org/data-center/human-development-index#/indicies/HDI; accessed 06 Dec 23). The solid black line represents the division between Global North and Global South. (1) Black marlin30; (2) Leatherback turtle (seaturtlestatus.org/swot-report-vol-18); (3) Blue whale31; (4) Loggerhead turtle32; (5) South polar skua33; (6) Mako shark34; (7) Humpback whale31,32; (8) White marlin30, (9) Arctic tern30, (10) Blue marlin30, (11) White Shark32, (12) Pacific bluefin tuna (ocean.si.edu).