Fig. 2: Geographical distribution of raw conflict points (left panel) and species occurrence records (right panel) in Mindanao.

Forest cover on Mindanao in 1988 and 2020, overlaid with conflict points and species occurrence records, shows predominant conflict occurrence in open areas rather than closed forested areas. Land cover data for 1988: Swedish Space Corporation13 and 2020: Philippine National Mapping and Resource Information Authority, retrieved from geoportal PH (https://www.geoportal.gov.ph/).