The toilet could evolve from an unassuming household plumbing fixture to a critical engineering node for onsite wastewater treatment and reuse.
This is a preview of subscription content, access via your institution
Relevant articles
Open Access articles citing this article.
-
Pilot-scale implementation of mainstream anammox for municipal wastewater treatment against cold temperature
Nature Communications Open Access 28 November 2024
-
Scalable Ir-Doped NiFe2O4/TiO2 Heterojunction Anode for Decentralized Saline Wastewater Treatment and H2 Production
Nano-Micro Letters Open Access 28 October 2024
Access options
Subscribe to this journal
Receive 12 digital issues and online access to articles
118,99 € per year
only 9,92 € per issue
Buy this article
- Purchase on SpringerLink
- Instant access to full article PDF
Prices may be subject to local taxes which are calculated during checkout
References
Cid, C. A., Abiola, F. & Starkl, M. Environ. Sci. Technol. 56, 699–706 (2022).
DeOreo, W. B. et al. Residential End Uses of Water Version 2 (Water Research Foundation, 2016).
Sutherland, C. et al. Sci. Total Environ. 755, 143284 (2021).
Volpin, F. et al. Membranes 10, 327 (2020).
Garcia, D., Muñoz Meléndez, G. & Arteaga, A. et al. Water 14, 596 (2022).
Acknowledgements
I am deeply grateful to B. Stoner and M. Shurgot for their insights and comments.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Ethics declarations
Competing interests
The author declares no competing interests.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Grego, S. The humble toilet is an opportunity for sustainable water reuse. Nat Water 1, 900–901 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1038/s44221-023-00154-w
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/s44221-023-00154-w
This article is cited by
-
Scalable Ir-Doped NiFe2O4/TiO2 Heterojunction Anode for Decentralized Saline Wastewater Treatment and H2 Production
Nano-Micro Letters (2025)
-
Elemental sulfur–siderite composite filler empowers sustainable tertiary treatment of municipal wastewater even at an ultra-low temperature of 7.3 °C
Nature Water (2024)
-
Pilot-scale implementation of mainstream anammox for municipal wastewater treatment against cold temperature
Nature Communications (2024)