Extended Data Fig. 1: Molecular dynamics simulation of SDS absorption behaviours on the DMA-grafted PA and the pristine PA.

The distribution of SDS absorbed on the DMA-grafted PA and the pristine PA is illustrated with the top (a,b) and the side (c,d) views. The carboxyl groups of PAs are blue dots in the top view. The head groups of SDS are presented by yellow and red balls, and its tail groups are shown in green balls. Plots of the adsorption depth and the number of adsorbed SDS molecules on the DMA-grafted PA and the pristine PA (e). The adsorption energy between SDS and the PAs include LJ energy and Coul energy (f).