Fig. 6: Composite sustainability and performance under five nitrogen treatments in Hubei and Henan Province, China from 2015 to 2017.

a Variation in composite sustainability across nitrogen treatments and rice varieties. Error bars represent the standard deviation across different years. Means within each variety that share the same letter are not significantly different according to the LSD test (0.05). b Multi-dimensional assessment of sustainability performance across nitrogen treatments. c Relationship between sustainability and evenness among nitrogen treatments and rice varieties. Super hybrid rice varieties: V1 (LYPJ), V2 (YLY1), V3 (YLY2), V4 (YLY900) and V5 (XLY900).