Fig. 6: The design of RPVSPs within the framework of WRF/BEP + BEM.
From: Rooftop photovoltaic solar panels warm up and cool down cities

A schematic representation of energy exchanges among building rooftops, the back surface of RPVSP and the ambient environment15. In this study, the parameterization used to incorporate the effects of RPVSPs within WRF/BEP + BEM assumes that the panels are parallel to and detached from the roofs, forming a single layer. The schematic also illustrates the time derivative of the RPVSP temperature.