Fig. 5: Bio-functional and quantitative analysis of gut microbiota-associated metabolites.

a The Spearman correlation-based heatmap between differential metabolites and dominant bacteria at phylum and genus levels. *P < 0.05, **<0.01. b Ingenuity Pathway Analysis-based functional network between the gut microbial metabolites and enriched biological pathways/diseases. Ellipsoids and nodes represent metabolites and functional pathways/diseases, respectively. Green and yellow ellipsoids represent metabolites that were increased and decreased in the plasma samples of POAF patients compared to non-POAF patients. c Dot histogram of the MRM-based quantitative levels of BAs and Trimethylamine N−Oxide in patients with and without POAF. Mann‒Whitney U test was used for each comparison.