Figure 5: Effects of Gefitinib alone or combined with metformin on EGFR signaling pathway in bladder cancer cells.

(A–C) Western blotting of p-EGFR, p-AKT, p-ERK, t-EGFR, t-AKT and t-ERK with the treatment of gefitinib alone. β-actin was included as a loading control. The ratio of different proteins to β-actin was calculated by the band density of Western blots using Image J software. Results are presented as the median of 3 independent experiments (*P < 0.05, #P < 0.01 vs control). (D–F) Representative western blotting of p-EGFR, p-AKT, p-ERK, t-EGFR, t-AKT and t-ERK with the treatment metformin, gefitinib and their combination. β-actin was included as a loading control. The ratio of different proteins to β-actin was calculated by the band density of Western blots using Image J software. Results are presented as the median of 3 independent experiments (*P < 0.05, #P < 0.01 vs control).