Figure 1: Effect of intranasal insulin on open field and Morris water maze performance. | Scientific Reports

Figure 1: Effect of intranasal insulin on open field and Morris water maze performance.

From: Long-term treatment with intranasal insulin ameliorates cognitive impairment, tau hyperphosphorylation, and microglial activation in a streptozotocin-induced Alzheimer’s rat model

Figure 1

(a) Experiment schedule. (b) The level of blood glucose of the three groups during the treatment. (c) Spontaneous locomotor and exploratory activity was tested in an open field arena and the total distance travelled in the open field was recorded. (d–g) Spatial learning and memory were assessed with the Morris water maze. In 3-day acquisition trials, the rats’ escape latencies (d) and the average swim speed (g) were measured. In the probe trial, the time in the target quadrant in 60 s (e) and the number of platform site crossings (f) were recorded. Data are expressed as the means ± SEM (n = 13–15 per group). *P < 0.05 versus the control group; #P < 0.05 versus the STZ/Sal group.

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