Figure 6: Effect of intranasal insulin on the brain insulin signaling pathway.

(a) Hippocampal homogenates were detected via Western blots. (b) Quantitative analysis was normalized to the GAPDH level. Data are expressed as the means ± SEM (n = 9–11 per group). *P < 0.05 versus the control group; #P < 0.05 versus the STZ/Sal group.