Figure 1
From: Ketamine: differential neurophysiological dynamics in functional networks in the rat brain
Effects of subcutaneous administration of ketamine (2.5, 5, 10 mg kg−1) or saline on (a) waking, deep sleep and rapid eye movement (REM) sleep during 20 consecutive hours. (b) Active waking, deep sleep and REM sleep during the first 2-h post-administration. (c) Latency to deep sleep and REM sleep states. (d) Total deep sleep, total sleep time and sleep efficiency in the next 6-h after the initial arousal effect. Dark square area represents the dark period. Lines above curves and stars above bar graphs indicate interval difference from vehicle, respectively (mixed-model design ANOVA).
