Extended Data Figure 6: Analysis of paralogous and orthologous genes.

a, Number and percentage of detected orthologues between Beta vulgaris and nine other plant species. Orthology relationships with 10 or more proteins for any of the species were discarded in order to avoid biases introduced by species-specific gene family expansions. In total, 18,927 sugar beet genes had orthologues in at least one of nine plants, and 16,062 paralogous sugar beet genes appeared in 14,852 trees. b, Number of duplication events detected in gene trees grouped into three age classes. The duplication ratio was calculated as the number of age class-specific duplication events divided by the total number of trees containing duplication events. c, d, Collinear blocks of protein coding genes in Beta vulgaris as dotplot (c) or circular plot (d). Each dot or connecting line represents one gene pair, respectively. Shown are 34 collinear blocks containing 7–35 gene pairs. A triplicated region is visible on chromosomes 1, 3 and 5 (arrows). e. Histogram of Ks values for Beta vulgaris protein coding gene pairs in collinear blocks. Ks values mainly scatter between 1.2 and 1.8 and show peaks at 1.2 and 1.7.