Fig. 5: Validation of the enrichment of QSCs in refractory and early-relapsed AML patients by flow cytometry based on the markers identified by single-cell data.

A Bar plots showing the percentage of each leukemia-like cellular state in CD99+ITGA4+ and CD99+ITGA4+CD52+LGALS1+ cells of single-cell transcriptomic data in this study. B Comparison of the percentage of CD99+CD49d+CD52+Galectin-1+ (QSCs) cells in viable CD45dimSSClow blasts among diagnosis (DX) sensitive patients, diagnosis (DX) resistant patients, and refractory/early-relapsed AML patients by flow cytometry. C Flow cytometric analysis of the percentage of QSCs in matched bone marrow samples from primary refractory AML patients (Pt#27, Pt#28, Pt#29, and Pt#30) before and after chemotherapy. D Comparison of the percentage of QSCs in viable CD45dimSSClow blasts at diagnosis and refractory bone marrow samples of Pt27, Pt#28, Pt#29, and Pt#30.