Fig. 3: Effects of bullying victimization and help-seeking intention on longitudinal Glx levels. | Molecular Psychiatry

Fig. 3: Effects of bullying victimization and help-seeking intention on longitudinal Glx levels.

From: Longitudinal trajectories of anterior cingulate glutamate and subclinical psychotic experiences in early adolescence: the impact of bullying victimization

Fig. 3

Light blue-colored bars represent Glx levels at Time 1, and pink-colored bars represent Glx levels at Time 2. Bullying victimization and bullying victimization × help-seeking intention interaction had significant effects on Glx levels. The bullied group showed lower ACC Glx levels than the non-bullied group for all participants. Post hoc tests revealed that while the help-seeking and non-help-seeking groups showed similar Glx levels within the non-bullied group, the help-seeking group showed higher Glx levels than the non-help-seeking group within the bullied group. BV bullying victimization, HSI help-seeking intention, Glx combined glutamate-glutamine, i.u. institutional units.

Back to article page