Fig. 3: Effect of xanomeline on sleep/wake and EEG spectral activity during wakefulness in the rat. | Neuropsychopharmacology

Fig. 3: Effect of xanomeline on sleep/wake and EEG spectral activity during wakefulness in the rat.

From: The M1/M4 preferring muscarinic agonist xanomeline modulates functional connectivity and NMDAR antagonist-induced changes in the mouse brain

Fig. 3

Xanomeline increased wakefulness in a dose-dependent manner after s.c. administration. (A, top) Increased wakefulness (percent time awake per hour) was primarily over the first 7 h after dosing, returned to normal during the next dark period, and was significant at 3 and 10 mg/kg (A, bottom). Data are displayed as means ± SEM (***p < 0.001, one-way ANOVA followed by Dunnett’s test). B, C Waking spectral power during this 7 h period exhibited decreased alpha and beta power (B, top, 0–50 Hz range), unchanged gamma power (B, bottom, full frequency range) and decreased high-frequency oscillations (HFO) (B, bottom, full frequency range). Band-specific quantifications in (C) are expressed as percent change to vehicle control (**p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001, Dunnett’s test).

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