Fig. 3 | Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy

Fig. 3

From: Metabolic reprogramming of proinflammatory macrophages by target delivered roburic acid effectively ameliorates rheumatoid arthritis symptoms

Fig. 3

RBA-NPs display targeting capability in vivo. a Confocal micrographs showed that CD44 receptor (green) and folate receptor (green) expression levels on macrophages in the inflamed joints of AIA rats. Macrophages were marked by CD68 antibody (red). Cell nuclei were stained with DAPI (blue). Scale bar = 50 μm. b, c Confocal micrographs showed co-localization of free DiD and DiD-NPs with CD44 receptor and folate receptor in the inflamed joints of AIA rats. Free DiD and DiD-NPs were colored red. CD44 receptor and folate receptor were colored green. Cell nuclei were stained with DAPI (blue). Scale bar = 50 μm. n = 5 independent animals. d The imaging of DiD fluorescence in joints after intravenous administrated with free DiD or DiD-NPs at different time points after administration. n = 5 independent animals. The DiD-NPs group showed higher fluorescence intensity at each time point, and fluorescence persisted as long as 48 h. e The distribution of DiD-NPs in heart, liver, spleen, lung, kidney, and joints in AIA rats were evaluated at 6, 12 and 24 h after administration. n = 5 independent animals. The fluorescence intensities were stronger in inflamed joints

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