Fig. 1: Flow chart of adhesion experiment.

Experimental procedure for evaluating the effect of AR extract on the adhesion properties of S. mutans by saliva-coated HAP. The experiments included: (a) HAP 96-well plate fabrication; (b) saliva-coated HAP; (c) loading fluorescent probes to S. mutans; (d) Testing AR extract’s ability on the adhesion of S. mutans carrying fluorescent probes in saliva-coated HAP; the final step was to observe the adhesion of S. mutans using a fluorescence microscope.