Fig. 2: Marginal rates of substitution (MRSs) between NPV and PPV.

Reduction in NPV is listed on the y-axis. The x-axis shows the gain in PPV needed to compensate for the decline in NPV such that the MCT is as good. The left pane shows the general public and the right pane shows GPs. Row 3 shows that for the general public, two MCTs with NPVs of 99.9% and 96.0% would be considered equal if the latter had a higher PPV by 12.5% (95% CI: 7.2–17.9%). Row 6 shows that for the GPs, two MCTs with NPVs of 99.9% and 96.0% would be considered equal if the latter had a higher PPV by 32.4% (26.3–38.6%).