Fig. 1

Metabolic stress induces ATF3 expression. a, b HT1080 and RPE cells were treated with 5 µM of erastin for different time as indicated, and subjected to western blotting for ATF3 and p53 expression. c Indicated cells were treated with 5 μM of erastin for different time and subjected to qRT-PCR to measure the ATF3 mRNA level. The data are presented as mean ± SD. d, e HT1080 and RPE cells treated with 5 μM of erastin with or without 3 mM of NAC were subjected to western blotting. f RPE cells were pretreated with or without 1 µM of GSK2606414 (GSK′414) for 30 min, and then treated with erastin (5 µM) for western blotting