Fig. 7: Blood biochemical profiles were improved by hemin and chloroquine combined treatment.

A Experimental design of murine Coronavirus infection. BALB/cJ mice were infected with 6000 PFU of MHV-A59 by intraperitoneal injection. Mice were treated with chloroquine (CQ) (four doses of 30 mg/kg, i.p.) (MHV + CQ) and/or hemin (a single dose of 10 mg/kg, i.p.) (MHV + H and MHV + H + CQ). Infected untreated mice (MHV + PBS) received 100 µL of PBS by i.p. injection. Blood samples were also taken pre- and post-infection for hematological parameters determination. Additionally, five days post-infection (dpi), blood fractionation was performed by centrifugation, and viral load and infectious particles were determined in plasma and red blood cell (RBC)-enriched fraction by RT-qPCR analyzes and viral plaque assays, respectively. B Hematological parameters assessment in MHV + PBS, MHV + H, MHV + CQ, and MHV + H + CQ mice. Absolut (i) and relative (to the MOCK group, dashed line) (ii–iii) red blood cell (RBC) (1012/L), hematocrit (HTC) (%), and hemoglobin (g/L) levels pre- and post-infection. C (i) Viral load (log₁₀(copy/mL)), measured by RT-qPCR, and viral titers (log₁₀(PFU/mL), determined by plaque assays, in the plasma and RBC-enriched fractions from MHV + PBS, MHV + H, MHV + CQ, and MHV + H + CQ mice. Red, blue, green, and purple dots represent MHV + PBS (n = 6), MHV + H (n = 6), MHV + CQ (n = 6) and MHV + H (n = 6), respectively. Red dashed lines represent the mean value of control group (MHV + PBS). (ii) Table depicting the statistical significance between experimental groups. Unpaired student’s t-test was performed to determine statistical differences between conditions. Statistical significance was set at p < 0.05. * p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001.