Fig. 4: SARS-CoV-2 associated cell death in HRECs and PRECs. | Cell Death Discovery

Fig. 4: SARS-CoV-2 associated cell death in HRECs and PRECs.

From: Enhanced apoptosis as a possible mechanism to self-limit SARS-CoV-2 replication in porcine primary respiratory epithelial cells in contrast to human cells

Fig. 4

A–D Representative images of 4% paraformaldehyde-fixed cells stained with NucBlue fixed cell ReadyProbes reagent (DAPI) showing cell nuclear morphology in A PRECs and B HRECs treated with SARS-CoV-2 (Isolate USA-WA1/2020) at MOI 5.0 for 9 h. Note the differences (arrows) in nuclear condensation and fragmentation (a hallmark of apoptosis) between human and porcine cells; inset images were stained with hematoxylin. C PRECs and D HRECs mock-inoculated cells; Scale bar-100 μm; (n = 6). E–G Line graphs (Mean; SD) were generated using ApoTox-Glo triplex assay data. The relative fluorescence/luminescence units obtained from SARS-CoV-2 inoculated (treated) samples were normalized against their respective mock-inoculated control (culture medium) at each time point. Both HRECs and PRECs were inoculated with SARS-CoV-2 at MOI 5.0, 25 µM of ionomycin, and 0.625 µM of staurosporine for 12, 24, 48, 72, and 96 hpi. E Viability assay measuring live-cell protease activity, F Cytotoxicity assay measuring dead-cell protease activity, G Apotox assay measuring cleaved Caspase-3/7; (n = 3). *p-value < 0.05.

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