Fig. 1: Ti particles promoted the production of ROS and downregulated antioxidant proteins in macrophages. | Cell Death Discovery

Fig. 1: Ti particles promoted the production of ROS and downregulated antioxidant proteins in macrophages.

From: CB2 regulates oxidative stress and osteoclastogenesis through NOX1-dependent signaling pathway in titanium particle-induced osteolysis

Fig. 1

A Electron micrographs of the purchased Ti particles. B Size analysis of Ti particles. C The whole process of Ti particles being phagocytosed into RAW264.7 cells under electron microscopy. D Intracellular ROS immunofluorescence staining and ROS(+) RAW264.7 cell counts after intervention of RAW264.7 cells with different concentrations of Ti particles. Scale bars, 100 µm. Statistical significance was determined by a one-way ANOVA with Tukey’s multiple-comparison test. E Intracellular ROS levels were detected by flow cytometry. F The expression and quantitative analysis of NOX1 and NOX2 were detected by western blotting after treatment with RANKL and Ti particles. G qRT-PCR analysis of the mRNA expression levels of NOX1 and NOX2. H qRT-PCR analysis of the mRNA expression levels of Nrf2, NQO1, HO-1, and SOD2. The data were represented as mean ± SD of three independent experiments. Statistical significance was determined by Student’s t test. *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01.

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