Fig. 2
From: Immunogenicity of cell death and cancer immunotherapy with immune checkpoint inhibitors
Potential synergy between ICD inducers and ICIs. Owing to their ability to recruit immune effector cells, including dendritic cells (DCs) and cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs), immunogenic cell death (ICD)-inducing regimens (at least in some settings) can convert immunologically cold tumors into inflamed lesions. In this context, immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), such as monoclonal antibodies targeting programmed cell death 1 (PDCD1, best known as PD-1) or CD274 (best known as PD-L1), which normally operate by (re)activating CTLs, may exhibit superior efficacy, providing a solid rationale for developing combinatorial clinical strategies potentially associated with improved clinical outcomes; CALR calreticulin, IFN interferon
