Fig. 3 | Nature Communications

Fig. 3

From: Perovskite-polymer composite cross-linker approach for highly-stable and efficient perovskite solar cells

Fig. 3

Microstructure of the cross-linked perovskite-polymer film. Scanning electron microscopy images of the a CH3NH3PbI3 and b CH3NH3PbI3·PPC film. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) images of the c cross-linked perovskite grains at lower magnification and d perovskite-polymer composite cross-linker between adjacent grains (highlighted region in Fig. 3c). Inverse Fast Fourier transform (IFFT) images of the region e (1): within the perovskite-polymer bridge (Inset: FFT analysis of (1)) and f (2): boundary of the perovskite-polymer composite cross-linker. g Schematic drawing of macromolecular intermediate phase induced crystallization and inter-grain cross-linking

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