Fig. 4

Experimental and theoretical catalytic activity. a Arrhenius plots for 1.0 wt% Au/AC and 1.0 wt% Au/CeO2&AC (the number after ‘ ± ’ represents the error). b The potential energy diagrams for 1HCl, 2HCl, and 3HCl molecules on Au/CeO2 (110) surface with the optimized geometry of the initial state, transition state, and final state, respectively (Supplementary Figure 10). Oxygen, cerium, gold, chloride, and hydrogen are depicted in red, white, yellow, green, and grey, respectively. c The Au(0)/Au(I) redox switching mediated by Ce(IV)/Ce(III) over Au/CeO2&AC in acetylene hydrochlorination to vinyl chloride